Relationship of tooth loss to mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged Mongolians: Mon-Timeline study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v4i4.88Keywords:
tooth loss, mild cognitive impairment, MMSE, Mon-Timeline studyAbstract
Cognitive impairment is common in elderly people, so it is considered an ageing disorder. However, cognitive decline, including dementia, can also occur in middle-aged people. Cognitive impairment is associated with multiple risk factors. We hypothesised that tooth loss might also be a potential risk factor among Mongolians, as oral health problems are one of the significant health issues in Mongolia, especially in middle-aged people. In this cross-sectional study, we used the baseline data from the Mon-Timeline cohort study, including people older than 40 years of age (n=279). The amount of tooth loss was assessed by a trained researcher. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined as those participants scoring a total of £ 24 points based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Unadjusted analysis showed that having more tooth loss (>10) increased the risk of MCI by an odds ratio of 3.03 (1.49-6.17), as compared with having less tooth loss (£10). Even after adjusting for covariates, the association remained significant, suggesting that tooth loss is associated with MCI risk, independent of age, education, and other socioeconomic factors. There was no significant interaction effect of age in the association between tooth loss and MMSE scores. In conclusion, tooth loss may play a role in developing cognitive decline, especially in the early onset of dementia. Further studies are needed to investigate whether early tooth loss at younger ages is associated with dementia, especially among middle-aged people.
References
Aida, J., Ando, Y., Akhter, R., Aoyama, H., Masui, M., & Morita, M. (2006). Reasons for permanent tooth extractions in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology, 16(5), 214–219. https://doi.org/10.2188/JEA.16.214
Amaral, C. A., Amaral, T. L. M., Monteiro, G. T. R., Vasconcellos, M. T. L., & Portela, M. C. (2019). Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. PloS One, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0211452
Armstrong, T., & Bull, F. (2006). Development of the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Journal of Public Health 2006 14:2, 14(2), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10389-006-0024-X
Bárrios, H., Narciso, S., Guerreiro, M., Maroco, J., Logsdon, R., & de Mendonça, A. (2013). Quality of life in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Aging & Mental Health, 17(3), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.747083
Beydoun, M. A., Beydoun, H. A., & Wang, Y. (2008). Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 9(3), 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-789X.2008.00473.X
Biessels, G., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006). Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. The Lancet. Neurology, 5(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70284-2
Chinzorig, T., Aida, J., Cooray, U., Nyamdorj, T., Mashbaljir, S., Osaka, K., & Garidkhuu, A. (2019). Inequalities in caries experience among mongolian children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 3892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203892
Fang, W. L., Jiang, M. J., Gu, B. B., Wei, Y. M., Fan, S. N., Liao, W., Zheng, Y. Q., Liao, S. W., Xiong, Y., Li, Y., Xiao, S. H., & Liu, J. (2018). Tooth loss as a risk factor for dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 observational studies. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12888-018-1927-0
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
Henriksen, B. M., Engedal, K., & Axéll, T. (2005). Cognitive impairment is associated with poor oral health in individuals in long-term care. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 3(4), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a10824
Ismail, F., Muneer, M. U., Ahmed, A. R., Hussain, M. W., Khan, M. F., Quddos, M. U., & Kashif, M. (2019). Factors affecting cognition in individuals with tooth loss. Annals of Dental Specialty, 7(4), 7–13.
Jargaltsogt, D., Bazar, O., Sharkhuu, M.-O., Altansukh, S., & Bazar, A. (2018). The results of National Oral Health Survey, Mongolia. Central Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(1), 61–68.
Karvonen, H. M., Nuutinen, O., Uusitalob, U., Sorvari, R., & Ihanainen, M. (2003). Child nutrition and oral health in Ulaanbaatar. Nutrition Research, 23(9), 1165–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00088-5
Kornman, K., Crane, A., Wang, H., di Giovine, F., Newman, M., Pirk, F., Wilson, T., Higginbottom, F., & Duff, G. (1997). The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-051X.1997.TB01187.X
Lexomboon, D., Trulsson, M., Wãrdh, I., & Parker, M. G. (2012). Chewing ability and tooth loss: association with cognitive impairment in an elderly population study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(10), 1951–1956. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1532-5415.2012.04154.X
Mariani, E., Monastero, R., & Mecocci, P. (2007). Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 12(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2007-12104
Matthews, J. C., You, Z., Wadley, V. G., Cushman, M., & Howard, G. (2011). The association between self-reported tooth loss and cognitive function in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study: an assessment of potential pathways. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 142(4), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.14219/JADA.ARCHIVE.2011.0192
McGeer, P. L., & McGeer, E. G. (2001). Polymorphisms in inflammatory genes and the risk of Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 58(11), 1790–1792. https://doi.org/10.1001/ARCHNEUR.58.11.1790
Ministry of Health Mongolia. (2013). Mongolian STEPS Survey on the Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease and Injury Risk Factors 2013.
Mongolian Government. (2006). Mongolia National Oral Health Program.
Munkhsukh, M. U., Namjil, D., Byambajav, P., Angarag, E. A., Junai, S., Dagvajantsan, B., & Byambasukh, O. (2021). Dementia risk among Mongolian population with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 20(3), 659–666. https://doi.org/10.31083/J.JIN2003070
Namjil, D., Dagvajantsan, B., & Byambasukh, O. (2021). Vascular cognitive impairment risk among Mongolian adults: An overview. Neuroscience Research Notes, 4(3Suppl), 17–20. https://doi.org/10.31117/NEUROSCIRN.V4I3SUPPL.99
Oyunkhand, R. (2011). A study on Mongolian elderly people. Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences.
Prince, M., Bryce, R., Albanese, E., Wimo, A., Ribeiro, W., & Ferri, C. P. (2013). The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimer’s & Dementia : The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 9(1), 63-75.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALZ.2012.11.007
Reyes-Ortiz, C. A., Luque, J. S., Eriksson, C. K., & Soto, L. (2013). Self-reported tooth loss and cognitive function: Data from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (Hispanic EPESE). Colombia Médica : CM, 44(3), 139. https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v44i3.1248
Saito, S., Ohi, T., Murakami, T., Komiyama, T., Miyoshi, Y., Endo, K., Satoh, M., Asayama, K., Inoue, R., Kikuya, M., Metoki, H., Imai, Y., Ohkubo, T., & Hattori, Y. (2018). Association between tooth loss and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older Japanese adults: a 4-year prospective cohort study from the Ohasama study. BMC Oral Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12903-018-0602-7
Sharp, S. I., Aarsland, D., Day, S., Sønnesyn, H., & Ballard, C. (2011). Hypertension is a potential risk factor for vascular dementia: systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(7), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1002/GPS.2572
Tonsekar, P. P., Jiang, S. S., & Yue, G. (2017). Periodontal disease, tooth loss and dementia: Is there a link? A systematic review. Gerodontology, 34(2), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12261
Tsai, Y. C., Wang, H. J., Wang, L. Y., Shaw, C. K., Lee, Y. P., Lin, M. C., & Huang, C. H. (2020). Retrospective analysis of the association between tooth loss and dementia: a population-based matched case-control study. Community Dental Health, 37(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1922/CDH_4609TSAI06
World Health Organization. (2019). Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. In Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: WHO Guidelines. World Health Organization. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542796/
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Urangoo Ganbaatar, Oyuntuya Gantulga, Puntsagdulam Byambajav, Maralgua Och, Ganjargal Ganburged, Tsolmon Jadamba, Byambasuren Dagvajantsan, Oyuntugs Byambasukh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The observations and associated materials published or posted by NeurosciRN are licensed by the authors for use and distribution in accord with the Creative Commons Attribution license CC BY-NC 4.0 international, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
